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   Drainage

   drain tiles

   Types

   -plastic drain pipe PVC (white)

    -ABS pipe (black)

-minimum pipe diameter is 100mm,
lay pipe on undisturbed soil with perforations down,

-drain pipe against footing

-100 drain pipe cover with 150 of crushed rock cover with filter cloth

-use clean outs for every 25M of pipe

the  flow away from building use a 1%grade,

any bends use 2 of 45° instead of  90° and “Y” instead of “T” this  is for ease of cleaning

-top of tile is below basement floor

- connected with a tight pipe to a storm sewer or other adequate drainage, in wet sites lateral drain pipes are needed under the slab

-some areas require a wall drainage layer attached to foundation, mineral fibre insulation or other drainage material or free draining granular material may be used as backfill

-surface water should be sloped away from basement walls and windows

- rain water leaders  (above crown of road) pick up feed from eves trough are 75mm diameter.. connect to drain tile away from building

The following is a roof run off system as proposed by district of Sannich BC

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Drainage

septic drain fields

-building drains to septic tank..  septic tanks no closer than 900mm to building ..  lower than basement floor .. separate solid waste from liquid..  drains to distribution box  in the absorption field ..  to neutralize liquid waste..  the absorption field is a series of trenches with perforated pipe.. ..    the absorption field must have permeable soil to 1220 depth ..  maximum slope of pipes is  1° ..

---absorption fields ..  trench width 305..  trenches 550 to 800 deep .. 225 crushed rock beneath drain pipe..  50 to 100 on top..  note: trenches and distributor pipe laid across the grade of land

--dead end of pipes are blocked

-dosing chambers required when distributor  pipe length exceeds 152.5 m

-absorption fields system must be constructed and landscaped to prevent  sewage system from storm water drainage

-the absorption field must be built where the water table or an impervious layer or bedrock is at least 1220 deep

- absorption fields can not be  located less than 3050 from building, property line, curtain drain, domestic water pipeline  or 30 m from lake ..  water supply

-absorption fields..  can  not be located under a roadway, paved area, or parking area

Septic tank:

- concrete 150 wall septic tank 2.5 meters long 1 meter wide 1.5 metres deep with 1200 separator wall  inlet and outlet both have vertical (“T”) connectors

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Drainage

sumps

a one meter square concrete water tight box built into floor .. has an inlet pipe from drainage field, an out let pipe hooded ( “T” or” Y”) about 25 lower than the inlet

-catch basin ( can double as a sump) with a grated drain and a back flow valve

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Preparation

clearing

-called grubbing removing of garbage, brush , debris, old buildings

-site layout taken from plot plan, manuly layout building site ...pulling from survey pins mark out corners, by driving pegs/ mark building corners on  pegs with nails ...pull diagonals ...move back a sufficient distance to allow for excavation and set up batter boards...batter boards are horizontal boards staked  to the ground.. used to run string lines down building grid lines

Lot, siteplan, plotplan

Preparation

excavation re bearing ground

-soil tests coarse grain ..  gravel and sands, fine grain.. . soils and silts,  and organic

-clay elastic .. flows when wet and compressed, rock hard when dry..  holds a great deal of water..  shovel driven into moist clay smooth and shiny appearance, under high stress it is plastic it flows

-sand does not hold as much water as clay and compresses well sand and gravel are excellent fill soils

-alluvium is soil that has been carried and deposited by water

- silt and till ..  silt resembles clay but is not sticky and washes off easily when wet .. crumbles when dry.. made from glacial action on bedrock  (rock flour)

-till is a mixture of sand silt gravel and boulders

-foundations sitting on bedrock best..  then: coarse grain then fine grain , clay settlement is continuous and on going in some cases measured in meters

-some stiff clays can be okay

- settlement is counteracted by preloading with extra fill until settlement has stopped, or by stripping / where the weight of the building is excavated before the building is erected, in theory the building floats on the  excavated clay base

-pre layout the site and use a checklist to meet all contingencies of the erection of the building and placement of the utilities

-for deep foundations engineers must design and take responsibility for their designs

-strip topsoil and store

-excavate enough to allow for workers, forms, drain tiles

-slope sides 3,4,5 in case of slides

-deep enough for any granular base

-cut and fill amounts must be judged to avoid expensive trucking

-”NG” refers to natural grade

-”FG” refers to finish grade

-grade also refers to slope 2% =2 mm per 100 mm

-grade elevations are referred back to benchmark

-grade lines indicate elevations, grade stake indicate cut or fill

-cut soil has 1/3 more volume than packed soil, dry sand may increase in bulk by 30% when wetted with 5% water

-underground gas, water, and electrical services must be shut off before excavation can begin

-excavations for footings must be cleaned of debris and kept dry , no puddles all ponding should be pumped

-it is not acceptable to pour footings on frozen ground

-sand can be super compacted by vibrators including deep vibration by a vibrating water head

-building on clay soils the main provision is proper drainage, wider footings are often needed with more reinforcement

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Preparation

numbers

services

-water-sewer drains-storm drains are laid out below frost line to come through basement floor at desired locations, gravity sewer systems a 1% grade

-gas buried: 305 for steel, 460 for plastic,...pipe surfaces outside building  to meter... meter height 900 .. .

- you can not build over gas lines

-find out  where line is at what depth and how old before beginning a project .. . life expectancy is 50 years

-electrical 63 conduit mast extends over roof by 1220

- no conductor can be closer than 915 to roof

-conductors must be: 3660 from ground or 4575 from ground over vehicle areas or  5490 above if accompanied by telephone lines

-electrical underground trench 610 deep or 915 deep under a grade slab or driveway,

-a 75 conduit  is fed through to interior before wall or footing is poured,

-electrical meter 1525 to 1830 above grade

-telephone 20 plastic conduit through wall , trenched 460 .. duct work : steel, orange PVC 50 to 100 mm

Site

Sewage

underground lines

-1% slope 2% is preferable measured from invert to invert

-two pipe systems one for sewer one for storm water

-storm water down spouts routed through a one way valve to the mains or it may go to the interior  sump and be pumped to the mains

-foundation weeping tile will be routed to the sump or a catch basin and be pumped or gravity fed to the mains