MATERIAL
Plastic
counter
tops
-cut
5 mm bigger for gluing
-
perfect seam when dressing use straight edges with slight bevel under
cut
-make
sure core material is flat and filled before plastic is laminated and
that any joints are secure and immovable..
a backing sheet on the core prevents warpage
-contact
cement has dangerous fumes.. explosive and toxic
-
seal with rubber roller or block and hammer
-begin
in middle of sheet work outwards
-round
over corners 22.5 degree
-sequence
of installation: edging, counter top, face of backsplash, top edge of
back splash, core back splash
Plastic
sheets
construction:
-overlay,
decorative alpha paper, core Kraft paper phenol formaldehyde resin
-thermoset..
. melamine formaldehyde
grades:
standard, heavy, light and vertical also: commercial grade, laboratory
grade, bending grade, liner grade
Handling: lift, protect
with paper, soft bristle brush, store on edge, climatize before use
Ply wood
hardwood
-furniture,
cabinets, architectural work
-rotary
cuts- grades: A,1,2,3,
Japanese
grades: AA, AB, water proof type 1
water resistant type 2
-types: G2S, Good solid,
G1S, shop grade, hardwood core, composition core, lumber core, staved
core, banded core
Plywood
hardwood
Hardwood
Cutting:
-rotary
cutting
-flat
sliced veneer flitch
variegated pattern
-quarter
sliced cut parallel to rays straight grain runs with ray flecks
-half
round sliced cut slightly across annual growth rings gives wavy grain
pattern
-
rift cutting cuts perpendicular to rays
Matching:
-random
-slip
flitches in sequence
-book
flitches flip flopped
-sequence panels are
matched in sequence
Plywood
softwood
-hot
pressed phenolic resin
Grades: A,B,C, improved C, D , and
factory
-rotary
cutting produces variegated pattern grain, tight side equals bark side
equals pressure bar side has no checks this side up, face veneer
usually douglas fir, glue bond stronger than wood
Overlaid: bonded finish,
example formply
Composites
-OSB
oriented strand board
-hardboard
(standard, tempered and service), particleboard, fibreboard
-glues:
interior urea formaldehyde, exterior phenolic resin
Uses: floor underlays, core
stock,
Lumber
joists
-supported
joist length = 1/2 the joist length on each side of the beam
-roof snow load is 50 to
60% of ground snow cover
handling
store flat, keep tarped, do
not debundle, protect from elements, store at normal operating
temperatures 2 to 3 days before use, store in a clean area, store on
dunnage.. sloped
for drainage, stickers for air circulation
Fasteners
adhesives
-white glue.. poly vinyl acetate, yellow
glue.. aliphatic
resin, urea resin.. moisture resistant,
resorcinal resin- waterproof, contact cement, mastics
Fasteners
bolts
Bolts: lag, machine, stove,
carriage
Fasteners
nails
- Nails: wirenails, cut
nails, bright nails, zinc, galvanized, hot dipped, electroplated,
aluminum, common, box, finish, casing, duplex, brads, roofing, masonry,
tacks, staples, ringed drywall thin head, escutcheon pin (polished dome
head), twist
Fasteners
screws
Screws:
filster head, truss head, oval head, round head, flat head
-slots, plain, Philips,
Robertson, torx, clutch
Fasteners
straps
Straps: hangers.. joist,
post cups, hold downs, hurricane, beam seats,
Lumber
defects
-knots,
wanes, rots, fungi, insects
-warped:
bows, crooks, twists, cups
-chipped,
knife marks, burned
-shakes
and splits
-19%
or less moisture protects wood from rot, fungi
-proper
storage and drying prevents much warpage
-shrinkage
occurs when all free water leaves wood, shrinkage is greatest along the
circumference of the wood, drying of plain or flat sawn lumber causes
cupping towards middle of lumber
-quarter
sawn or edge grain does not cup
-25
between attic insulation and roof sheathing is necessary to prevent
moisture buildup
Lumber
engineered
lumber
-LVL
laminated veneer lumber
-PSL
parallel strand lumber
-LSL
laminated strand lumber
-I
beams with OSB webbing and nominal lumber flanges
-MSR machine stress rated
independent of species
Lumber
hardwood
Grades:
-FAS
first and seconds poor side 90% F and 85% S,
-selects
good side 90% F and 85% S,
-common
#1,#2, sound and wormy, #3a, #3b
-Sawn
plain (tangent to rings) or quarter sawn (parallel to rays)
-common hardwoods used for
finishing: teak, birch, ash, maple
Lumber
loads
-snow
load is 80% of ground snow cover
-dead
load is the weight of the building
-live load weight of
occupants and goods
Lumber
moisture
+19% will decay
-<19%
considered dried
-30%
indicates 30% of weight is moisture
-Interior
finish 10% to 12%
-moisture
is free water and fibre saturation shrinkage begins when fibre
saturation begins to evaporate
-wood
equilibrium = humidity of surrounding air
-lumber
shrinks in direction of annual rings
-air
dried is better than kilned dried
-cabinets 8%
Lumber
softwood
-boards
19x 19>
-light
framing 38x89 or 89x89
-joists
and planks 38x140> or 89x140 >
-beams
and stringer 114x114+50>
-
posts and timbers 114x114+50>
-
decking 38 to 89x89 to 286
-siding
19x 89 to 286
Structural
Grades: select(bsr 67), #1(bsr 55), #2(bsr 45),#3(bsr 26), construction
(bsr 34), standard (bsr 19), utility (bsr 9), economy also stud (bsr
26) and stud economy
-bending
strength ratio 100% of size and species (bsr)
Finish
Grades:
-finish
s4s, grades c or d,
-stepping
grades: s2s1e, #1 and #2 (widths 254, 305)
-industrial
clears (ordered unsurfaced),
-factory
and door: grades select shop 1,2,3, shop, select door 1,2,3 ,VG
-VG
= verigated grain
-FG
= flat grain
-MG
= multiple grain
-S1S
surfaced one side
S1S2E surfaced one side and two edges
-common
finishing softwoods: douglas fir, spruce, pine, yellow cedar
-
finish grade used for interior, exterior.. .trim and cabinets
-national lumber grade
authority represents Canada and USA ..
booklet called Standard Grading Rules for
Canadian Lumber
Lumber
softwood
structure
-heartwood
-sapwood -inner bark -outer bark
-annual rings -cambian
growth layer -medullar rays -pith- cell water is called bound water
Lumber
softwoods
BC
-strongest,
stiff and hard: Fir hem
-construction
fir hem, spruce, pine
-resin
free western hemlock
--ladders
sitka spruce
--heaviest
western larch
--acid
and decay resistant yellow cedar
-
architectural red cedar
-Sawn: flat or edge
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